Table of Contents
Helping Verbs:
Uses of is/ am/ are/ was/ were/ has/ have/ had/ has been/ had been/ have been
First of all, we have to understand the concept of (BE).
(BE) In Urdu means (ہونا).
For example:
خوش ہونا OR ناراض ہونا .
We use (BE) to present or to show quality or to show state or what happened
Note:
Now for the Present we use:
IS as a singular and ARE as plural and every time when AM comes so we use (I) as well.
While for past:
WAS as a singular and WERE as a plural.
For example:
If we do not use the helping verb so the sentence would be…
- I be happy****
And of course, it is wrong. Now in order to write the correct sentence, we have to use the helping verb.
For example:
- I am very happy
- Who is this?
- Both of them are in the room
Now starting from the very 1st helping verb…
is/ am/ are/
We use these to show state OR existence.
For Example:
- He is sad
- You are a doctor
- We are your friends
For present continuous we use
- She is reading her lesson
- What are you reading?
For Passive voice we use
- Roshni is taught by her mother
- We are supported by you
Was/ were/
We also use these to show state or existence but in past…
Note:
WAS is used in 1st person and 3rd person singular (I, HE, SHE, IT) while WERE is use the second person singular and plural (YOU, YOUR, YOURS).
For example:
- He was sad
- You were a doctor
- We were your friends
for continuous we use
- She was reading her lesson
- What were you reading?
For passive voice we use
- Roshni was taught by her mother
- We were supported by you
Conditional sentences
Conditional sentences means Unreal` or (جھوٹ) in Urdu
Structure:
If + sub + was/were + object
Note:
We use (were) for impossible things.
We use (was) for possible things.
Example:
- If I were a rich man, I would make more charity.
- If he were right now, he would help us.
- If I was rude to you, I apologize
Has/ have/ had
1) (Auxiliary verb) or (helping verb)
We use these to show possession or ownership (ملکانہ حق) à in Urdu
Structure:
Sub + has/ have/ had + object
Note:
(For past we use had & for the present we use has/have)
For example:
- I have a car.
- She has 2 brothers.
2) To Show perfect tense
We also use these to Show the complete work (present or past)
Example:
- I have done my work.
- You had met him.
3) Perfect continuous tense (Using 1st form)
To Show (has been/had been)
Example:
- She has been working for 2 hours.
- She had been working for 2 hours
4) Passive voice using 3rd form
Example:
- He has been arrested
- He had been arrested
Conditional sentences
Structure:
If + sub + had + V3
Example:
- If you had come to me, I would have helped you.
- If she had worked hard, she would have got passed.
- (Had) I known you were waiting outside, I would have fruited you to come in.
